Comparative study on agrochemical residue on rice cultivation in Tasikmalaya, Indonesia: organic versus conventional
Organic versus Conventional
Keywords:
comparative, pesticide residue, soil, water, organic, Tasikmalaya, IndonesiaAbstract
This study was designed to examine the agrochemical residue and farmer characteristic strategy in two methods of rice cultivation, organic and conventional. Two groups of farmers were examined, each group (n = 18) with five hectares of land for rice cultivation. This study conducted rapid rural appraisal (RRA) and focus group discussion (FGD), and determined agrochemical residue in water, soil and paddy. The results show that organic rice cultivation has a higher margin of profit at 0.32 USD/kg as compared to conventional rice cultivation, which is about 0.12 USD/kg. In organic rice cultivation, farmers have to spend more time in the cultivation process as opposed to the conventional forms of cultivation. This is mainly due to the time-consuming manure preparation process as well as plant protection. Agrochemical residues are detected only in conventional rice cultivation. Diazinon, Aldrin, Heptachlor, and Dieldrin were detected as the major chemicals present. Diazinon was detected in the water, soil and plants with a frequency of occurrence at 60%, 80% and 40%, respectively. Aldrin, Heptachlor and Dieldrin were detected in plants with the frequency of occurrence at 40%, 60% and 60%, respectively. Furthermore, heavy metals such as Hg and As were also detected in the water with a frequency of occurrence at 10% and 40%.
References
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Onojoh, P., Nsi, E., Aliyu, A. (2013). Determination of Residual Content of Pesticides in Rice Plant and Rice Grains (Oriza Sativa) From Four different regions of Omala LGA, KOGI State, Nigeria. The International Journal’s Research Journal of Science .
Pattabaoant, A., Shivakoti, P. (2009). Opportunities and constraints of organic agriculture in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand . Asian Pac Dev J 16, 115-147. DOI:10.18356/341adb3e-en
Rice, P., El, E. A., Ac, A. B. (2007). Advances in pesticide environmental fate and exposure assessments. J Agric Food Chem, 5367-5376.DOI: 10.1021/jf063764s URL https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf063764s
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Schafer, R., Mueller, R., Brack, W., Wenzel, K., Streck, G., Ruck, W., et al. (2008). Determination of 10 particles-associated multiclass polar and semi-polar pesticide from small streams using accelerated solvent extraction. Chemosphere, 1952-1960. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.09.058 URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653507012349?via%3Dihub
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Smith-spangler, C., Brandeau, M., Hunter, G., Bavinger, J., Pearson, M., Eschbach, P., et al. (2012). Are organic food safer or healthier than conventional alternative ?A systematic review . Ann Intern Med, 348-366.DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-157-5-201209040-00007
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Tashi, S., Wangchuk, K. (2016). Organic vs. Conventional rice production: Comparative assessment under farmer condition in Bhutan. Organic Agriculture, 255-265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-015-0132-4 URL https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13165-015-0132-4
Yudelman, M. Ratta, A., Nygaard, D. (1998). Pest management and food production: looking to the future. Food, Agriculture and the Environment Discussion paper 2.
Akoto, O., Azuure, A.A., Adotey, K.D. (2016). Pesticide residues in water, sediment and fish from Tono Reservoir and their health risk implications. Springerplus, 1849. DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3544-z URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5075320/
Aktar, M.W., Sengupta, D., Chowdhury, A. (2016). Impact Of Pesticides Use In Agriculture:Their Benefits and Hazards. Interdisc Toxicol, vol 2, 1–12. DOI: 10.2478/v10102-009-0001-7 URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2984095/
Ardiwinata, A.N., Nursyamsi, D. (2012). Residu Pestisida di Sentra Produksi Padi di Jawa Tengah. PANGAN, 39-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33964/jp.v21i1.103 URL http://jurnalpangan.com/index.php/pangan/article/view/103
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2018, June 18). Luas lahan sawah menurut provinsi. Retreived from https://www.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2015/09/10/895/luas-lahan-sawah-menurut-provinsi-ha-2003-2015.html
Baudry, J., Ebrauwer, l., Durand, G., Limon, G., Delcambre, A., Vidal, R., et al. (2018). Urinary pesticide concentrations in French adults with low and high organic food consumption: results from the general population-based NutriNet-Santé. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. DOI: 10.1038/s41370-018-0062-9. URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30185942
Benbrook, C., Baker, B. (2014). Perspective on dietary risk assessment of pesticide residues in Organic food. Sustainability, 3552-3570. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6063552 URL https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/6/6/3552
Cid, F., Anton, R., Caviedes, Vidal, e. (2007). Organochlorine pesticide contamination in three bird species of the Embalse La Florida water reservoir in the semiarid Midwest of Argentina. Science of the Total Environment , 86-89. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.004 URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17688913
David, W., Ardiansyah. (2017a). Perception of young consumers toward organic food in Indonesia. International Journal of Agriculture Resources, Governance and Ecology, 315-324. DOI: 10.1504/IJARGE.2017.088373 URL https://www.inderscience.com/info/inarticle.php?artid=88373
David, W., Ardiansyah. (2017b). Organic Agriculture in Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities. Organic Agriculture, 329-338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-016-0160-8 URL https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13165-016-0160-8
Ditjen Sarana dan Parasarana Kementrian Pertanian (DSPKP) (2016). Agricultural Infrastructure and facilities statistik 2015. Jakarta: Setditjen Sarana dan Prasarana Kementrian Pertanian.
Faostat. (2018, October 10). Fertilizer consumption in nutrients . Retrived from http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#country/101
Hazra, K., Swain, D., Bohra, A., Singh, S., Kumar, N., Nath, C. (2018). Organic rice: potential production strategies, challenges and prospects. Organic Agriculture, 39-56.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-016-0172-4 URL https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13165-016-0172-4
Jahanban, l., Davari, M. (2013). Prospect and problems of organic farming and its environmental impacts. 1st Internastional Conference on Environmental Crisis and its Solutions Kish Island, (p. 549-554). Iran.
Jallow, M., Awadh, d., Albaho, M., Devi, V., Thomas, B. (2017). Pesticide risk behaviors and factors influencing pesticide use among farmers in Kuwait. Science of the Total Environment , 490–498.DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.085 URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27644027
Kanazawa, J., Kilin, D., Sutrisno, Oritas, S. (1985). Residu of Diazinon in rice plant and paddy soil. Penelitian Pertanian, 83-84.
Karunamoorthi, K., Mohammed, A., Jemal, Z. (2011). Peasant association member’s knowledge, attitude and practices toward safe use of pesticide management . Am J. Ind. Med, 965-970.DOI: 10.1002/ajim.21008 URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21919031
Komisi Pestisida. (2005). Pestisida Untuk Pertanian dan Kehutanan. Jakarta: Ditjen Bina Sarana Pertanian.
Lamers, M., Anyusheva, M., La, N., Nguyen, W., Streck, T. (2011). Pesticide pollution in surface and groundwater by paddy rice cultivation: A case study from Northern Vietnam. Clean-Soil, Water, 356-361. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201000268 URL https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/clen.201000268
Li, X., Gan, Y., Yang, X., Zhou, J., Dai, J., Xu, M. (2008). Human health risk of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in edible fish from Huairou Reservoir and Gaobedian Lake in Beijing, China. Food Chem, 348-354. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.12.047 URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814607013064?via%3Dihub
Luck, N., Grimm, M. (2018). Organic farming in the province of Yogyakarta and the District Tasikmalaya. Briefing notes. IndOrganic: Promise and Challenges of organic farming in Java’. Bogor.
Mackay, D., Shiu, W., Ma, K., Lee, S. (2006). Handbook of Physical-chemical properties and environmental fate for organic chemicals. Boca Raton: CRC Taylor & Francis Group.
Mohanthy, M., Behera, B., Jena, S., Srikanth, S., Mogane, C., Samal, S. et al. (2013). Knowledge attitude and practice of pesticide use among agricultural workers in Puducherry. South India J, Forensic Leg. Med, 1028-1031. DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2013.09.030 URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1752928X13002692?via%3Dihub
Oerke, E., Dehne, H., Schohnbeck, F., Weber, A. (1995). Crop production and crop protection: Estimation lost in major food cash crop. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Onojoh, P., Nsi, E., Aliyu, A. (2013). Determination of Residual Content of Pesticides in Rice Plant and Rice Grains (Oriza Sativa) From Four different regions of Omala LGA, KOGI State, Nigeria. The International Journal’s Research Journal of Science .
Pattabaoant, A., Shivakoti, P. (2009). Opportunities and constraints of organic agriculture in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand . Asian Pac Dev J 16, 115-147. DOI:10.18356/341adb3e-en
Rice, P., El, E. A., Ac, A. B. (2007). Advances in pesticide environmental fate and exposure assessments. J Agric Food Chem, 5367-5376.DOI: 10.1021/jf063764s URL https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf063764s
Sawyer, C., Carty, P. M., Parkin, G. (2003). Chemistry for Environmental Engineering and Science. Mc Graw Hill.
Schafer, R., Mueller, R., Brack, W., Wenzel, K., Streck, G., Ruck, W., et al. (2008). Determination of 10 particles-associated multiclass polar and semi-polar pesticide from small streams using accelerated solvent extraction. Chemosphere, 1952-1960. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.09.058 URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653507012349?via%3Dihub
Shahnaj, P. (2010). Rice Farmers’ Knowledge about the Effects of Pesticides on Environmental Pollution in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Res. Pub. J, 1214-1227.
Singh, B., Singh, V. (2017). Fertilizer Management in Rice. Dalam Book of Rice Prouduction Worldwide. Springer International Publishing AG.
Smith-spangler, C., Brandeau, M., Hunter, G., Bavinger, J., Pearson, M., Eschbach, P., et al. (2012). Are organic food safer or healthier than conventional alternative ?A systematic review . Ann Intern Med, 348-366.DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-157-5-201209040-00007
SNI 7313. (2008). Batas Maksimum Residu Pestisida pada hasil pertanian. Indonesia: Badan Standarisasi Nasional.
SNI 7387. (2007). Batas Maksimum cemaran logam berat dalam pangan. Indonesia: Badan Standarisasi Nasional.
Tashi, S., Wangchuk, K. (2016). Organic vs. Conventional rice production: Comparative assessment under farmer condition in Bhutan. Organic Agriculture, 255-265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-015-0132-4 URL https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13165-015-0132-4
Yudelman, M. Ratta, A., Nygaard, D. (1998). Pest management and food production: looking to the future. Food, Agriculture and the Environment Discussion paper 2.
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2020-08-12
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David, W., Ardiansyah, A., Asiah, N., & Madonna, S. (2020). Comparative study on agrochemical residue on rice cultivation in Tasikmalaya, Indonesia: organic versus conventional: Organic versus Conventional. Future of Food: Journal on Food, Agriculture and Society, 8(2). Retrieved from https://thefutureoffoodjournal.com/manuscript/index.php/FOFJ/article/view/248
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