The Impact Of Corruption On Food Security From A Macro Perspective
Keywords:
Food Security, Corruption, Panel dataAbstract
Despite the recent developments food security is one of the common problems of humanity. In order to eliminate this problem, various initiatives are taken in the fields of political and international relations backed by many academic studies that are conducted to scrutinize the dynamics of the problem and inspire the policies to be implemented. This study aims at providing macro solutions to the problem through the study of the relationship between food security and corruption in view of variables such as unemployment, dependent population and per capita income. Thus, the panel data of 75 countries between the years 2012-2016 have been analysed using Driscoll and Kraay Method. According to the obtained results, corruption, although minor, has an impact on food security. Thus, in order to realize food security the following actions need to be taken: minimizing bureaucracy; increasing interaction with the public power for the sake of activities that would support good governance of the society and non-governmental organizations; minimizing the human factor by using technological innovations more effectively in public services; and putting the deterrent laws that would eliminate favouritism into effect.
References
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Coleman-Jensen, A., Gregory, C., & Singh, A., (2014). Household food security in the United States in 2013 (173). Retrieved from ERS Economic Research Report, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC:
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Drimie, S., & Mini, S., (2003). Food security and sustainable development in Southern Africa (Vol. 6): HSRC Press.
Dzanku, F. M., (2019). Food security in rural sub-Saharan Africa: Exploring the nexus between gender, geography and off-farm employment. World Development, 113, pp. 26-43. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.08.017
Escobar, J. C., Lora, E. S., Venturini, O. J., Yáñez, E. E., Castillo, E. F., & Almazan, O., (2009). Biofuels: Environment, technology and food security. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(6), 1275-1287. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2008.08.014
Etana, D., & Tolossa, D., (2017). Unemployment and food insecurity in urban Ethiopia. African Development Review, 29(1), pp. 56-68.
Eugenio, D.-B., (2015). Macroeconomics, agriculture, and food security: A guide to policy analysis in developing countries: International Food Policy Research Institute.
FAO. (2005). The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2005: Eradicating World Hunger - Key to Achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Italy: FAO.
Godfray, H. C. J., Beddington, J. R., Crute, I. R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., Muir, J. F., & Toulmin, C., (2010). Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people. Science, 327(5967), pp. 812-818.
Han, M. F., & Seneviratne, M., (2018). Scarcity Effects of Quantitative Easing on Market Liquidity: Evidence from the Japanese Government Bond Market: International Monetary Fund.
Helal, G., (2016). Corruption and Food Security Status: An Exploratory Study on Perceived Corruption and Access to Adequate Food on a Global Scale. (Doctoral dissertation), McGill University, Montreal.
Helal, G., Ahmadigheidari, D., Kosoy, N., & Melgar-Quiñonez, H., (2016). Exploring the Relationship between Corruption and Food Security Status on a Global Scale. The FASEB Journal, 30(1_supplement), pp. 1149.1149-1149.1149. doi:10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.1149.9
Hoechle, D., (2007). Robust standard errors for panel regressions with cross-sectional dependence. Stata Journal, 7(3), pp. 281.
Kirkpatrick, S. I., & Tarasuk, V., (2010). Assessing the relevance of neighbourhood characteristics to the household food security of low-income Toronto families. Public Health Nutrition, 13(7), 1139-1148. doi:10.1017/S1368980010000339
Koç, A. A., Ozdamar, O., & Uysal, P., (2017). The Economic Determinants of Food Security in the MENA Region. International Journal of Food and Beverage Manufacturing and Business Models (IJFBMBM), 2(1), pp. 1-19.
Koizumi, T., (2013). Biofuel and food security in China and Japan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 21, pp. 102-109. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.12.047
Leff, N. H., (1964). Economic Development Through Bureaucratic Corruption. American Behavioral Scientist, 8(3), pp. 8-14. doi:10.1177/000276426400800303
Lenné, J. M., (2011). Food security and agrobiodiversity management. In J. M. Lenné and D. Wood (Eds.), Agrobiodiversity Management for Food Security: A Critical Review. CABI. pp. 12-25
Liefert, W., (2004). Food security in Russia: economic growth and rising incomes are reducing insecurity. Retrieved from United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
Mauro, P., (1995). Corruption and Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(3), pp. 681-712. doi:10.2307/2946696
Mo, P. H., (2001). Corruption and economic growth. Journal of Comparative Economics, 29(1), pp. 66-79.
Mwaniki, A., (2006). Achieving Food Security in Africa: Challenges and issues. Retrieved from http://www.food-security.nl/sites/default/files/resource/achieving_food_security_in_africa.pdf
Naylor, R. L., & Higgins, M. M., (2018). The rise in global biodiesel production: Implications for food security. Global Food Security, 16, pp. 75-84. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2017.10.004
Oke, M. A., (2015). Determinants of National Food Security in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 6(9), 100-106.
Reed, W. R., & Ye, H., (2011). Which panel data estimator should I use? Applied Economics, 43(8), pp. 985-1000.
Santangelo, G. D., (2018). The impact of FDI in land in agriculture in developing countries on host country food security. Journal of World Business, 53(1), pp. 75-84. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2017.07.006
Semenescu, A., Catarama, D., Pele, D., Dragota, V., & Obreja Brasoveanu, L., (2008). Corruption, Investments and Economic Growth”. Paper presented at the Proceedings Of The Eighth International Business Research Conference, Dubai, UAE.
Shaw, D. J., (2007). International Undertaking on World Food Security. In World Food Security: A History since 1945, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 150-154.
Sinyolo, S., Mudhara, M., & Wale, E., (2014). Water security and rural household food security: empirical evidence from the Mzinyathi district in South Africa. Food Security, 6(4), pp. 483-499. doi:10.1007/s12571-014-0358-0
Stringer, R., (2016). Food Security Global Overview. In M. Caraher & J. Coveney (Eds.), Food Poverty and Insecurity: International Food Inequalities. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 11-18.
Swaleheen, M., (2011). Economic growth with endogenous corruption: an empirical study. Public Choice, 146(1), pp. 23-41. doi:10.1007/s11127-009-9581-1
Tanzi, V., (1998). Corruption Around the World: Causes, Consequences, Scope, and Cures. Staff Papers, 45(4), 559-594.
The Economist, I. U., (2018a). Global Food Security. Retrieved from https://foodsecurityindex.eiu.com/
The Economist, I. U., (2018b). The Global Food Security Index. Retrieved from https://foodsecurityindex.eiu.com/Resources
Timmer, C. P., (2005). Food security and economic growth: an Asian perspective. Asian?Pacific Economic Literature, 19(1), pp. 1-17.
Tweeten, L., (1999). The Economics of Global Food Security. Review of Agricultural Economics, 21(2), 473-488. doi:10.2307/1349892
Uchendu, F. N., & Abolarin, T. O., (2015). Corrupt practices negatively influenced food security and live expectancy in developing countries. The Pan African medical journal, 20(110), pp. 1-7.
Wedeman, A., (1997). Looters, rent-scrapers, and dividend-collectors: Corruption and growth in Zaire, South Korea, and the Philippines. The Journal of Developing Areas, 31(4), pp. 457-478.
Wei, S.-J., (2000). How taxing is corruption on international investors? Review of Economics and Statistics, 82(1), 1-11.
WorldBank. (2018a). World Development Indicators. Retrieved from http://databank.worldbank.org
WorldBank. (2018b). Worldwide Governance Indicators. Retrieved from http://databank.worldbank.org/data/source/worldwide-governance-indicators
Yu, B., & You, L., (2013). A typology of food security in developing countries. China Agricultural Economic Review, 5(1), pp. 118-153. doi:doi:10.1108/17561371311294810
Zezza, A., & Tasciotti, L., (2010). Urban agriculture, poverty, and food security: Empirical evidence from a sample of developing countries. Food Policy, 35(4), 265-273. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.04.007
Zhou, D. A., Tariq, S., Ali, S., Ahmad, W., Din, I. U., & Ilyas, A., (2017). Factors affecting household food security in rural northern hinterland of Pakistan. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2017.05.003
Alexandri, C., Luca, L., & Kevorchian, C., (2015). Subsistence Economy and Food Security – The Case of Rural Households from Romania. Procedia Economics and Finance, 22, 672-680. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00282-8
Anik, A. R., Manjunatha, A. V., & Bauer, S., (2013). Impact of farm level corruption on the food security of households in Bangladesh. Food Security, 5(4), pp. 565-574. doi:10.1007/s12571-013-0282-8
Arouna, A., Lokossou, J. C., Wopereis, M. C. S., Bruce-Oliver, S., & Roy-Macauley, H., (2017). Contribution of improved rice varieties to poverty reduction and food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Global Food Security, 14, pp. 54-60. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2017.03.001
Bayley, D. H., (1966). The Effects of Corruption in a Developing Nation. Western Political Quarterly, 19(4), pp. 719-732. doi:10.1177/106591296601900410
Brugh, K., Angeles, G., Mvula, P., Tsoka, M., & Handa, S., (2018). Impacts of the Malawi social cash transfer program on household food and nutrition security. Food Policy, 76, pp. 19-32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.11.002
Coleman-Jensen, A., Gregory, C., & Singh, A., (2014). Household food security in the United States in 2013 (173). Retrieved from ERS Economic Research Report, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC:
Devereux, S., (2016). Social protection for enhanced food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Food Policy, 60, pp. 52-62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.03.009
Drimie, S., & Mini, S., (2003). Food security and sustainable development in Southern Africa (Vol. 6): HSRC Press.
Dzanku, F. M., (2019). Food security in rural sub-Saharan Africa: Exploring the nexus between gender, geography and off-farm employment. World Development, 113, pp. 26-43. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.08.017
Escobar, J. C., Lora, E. S., Venturini, O. J., Yáñez, E. E., Castillo, E. F., & Almazan, O., (2009). Biofuels: Environment, technology and food security. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(6), 1275-1287. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2008.08.014
Etana, D., & Tolossa, D., (2017). Unemployment and food insecurity in urban Ethiopia. African Development Review, 29(1), pp. 56-68.
Eugenio, D.-B., (2015). Macroeconomics, agriculture, and food security: A guide to policy analysis in developing countries: International Food Policy Research Institute.
FAO. (2005). The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2005: Eradicating World Hunger - Key to Achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Italy: FAO.
Godfray, H. C. J., Beddington, J. R., Crute, I. R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., Muir, J. F., & Toulmin, C., (2010). Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people. Science, 327(5967), pp. 812-818.
Han, M. F., & Seneviratne, M., (2018). Scarcity Effects of Quantitative Easing on Market Liquidity: Evidence from the Japanese Government Bond Market: International Monetary Fund.
Helal, G., (2016). Corruption and Food Security Status: An Exploratory Study on Perceived Corruption and Access to Adequate Food on a Global Scale. (Doctoral dissertation), McGill University, Montreal.
Helal, G., Ahmadigheidari, D., Kosoy, N., & Melgar-Quiñonez, H., (2016). Exploring the Relationship between Corruption and Food Security Status on a Global Scale. The FASEB Journal, 30(1_supplement), pp. 1149.1149-1149.1149. doi:10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.1149.9
Hoechle, D., (2007). Robust standard errors for panel regressions with cross-sectional dependence. Stata Journal, 7(3), pp. 281.
Kirkpatrick, S. I., & Tarasuk, V., (2010). Assessing the relevance of neighbourhood characteristics to the household food security of low-income Toronto families. Public Health Nutrition, 13(7), 1139-1148. doi:10.1017/S1368980010000339
Koç, A. A., Ozdamar, O., & Uysal, P., (2017). The Economic Determinants of Food Security in the MENA Region. International Journal of Food and Beverage Manufacturing and Business Models (IJFBMBM), 2(1), pp. 1-19.
Koizumi, T., (2013). Biofuel and food security in China and Japan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 21, pp. 102-109. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.12.047
Leff, N. H., (1964). Economic Development Through Bureaucratic Corruption. American Behavioral Scientist, 8(3), pp. 8-14. doi:10.1177/000276426400800303
Lenné, J. M., (2011). Food security and agrobiodiversity management. In J. M. Lenné and D. Wood (Eds.), Agrobiodiversity Management for Food Security: A Critical Review. CABI. pp. 12-25
Liefert, W., (2004). Food security in Russia: economic growth and rising incomes are reducing insecurity. Retrieved from United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
Mauro, P., (1995). Corruption and Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(3), pp. 681-712. doi:10.2307/2946696
Mo, P. H., (2001). Corruption and economic growth. Journal of Comparative Economics, 29(1), pp. 66-79.
Mwaniki, A., (2006). Achieving Food Security in Africa: Challenges and issues. Retrieved from http://www.food-security.nl/sites/default/files/resource/achieving_food_security_in_africa.pdf
Naylor, R. L., & Higgins, M. M., (2018). The rise in global biodiesel production: Implications for food security. Global Food Security, 16, pp. 75-84. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2017.10.004
Oke, M. A., (2015). Determinants of National Food Security in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 6(9), 100-106.
Reed, W. R., & Ye, H., (2011). Which panel data estimator should I use? Applied Economics, 43(8), pp. 985-1000.
Santangelo, G. D., (2018). The impact of FDI in land in agriculture in developing countries on host country food security. Journal of World Business, 53(1), pp. 75-84. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2017.07.006
Semenescu, A., Catarama, D., Pele, D., Dragota, V., & Obreja Brasoveanu, L., (2008). Corruption, Investments and Economic Growth”. Paper presented at the Proceedings Of The Eighth International Business Research Conference, Dubai, UAE.
Shaw, D. J., (2007). International Undertaking on World Food Security. In World Food Security: A History since 1945, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 150-154.
Sinyolo, S., Mudhara, M., & Wale, E., (2014). Water security and rural household food security: empirical evidence from the Mzinyathi district in South Africa. Food Security, 6(4), pp. 483-499. doi:10.1007/s12571-014-0358-0
Stringer, R., (2016). Food Security Global Overview. In M. Caraher & J. Coveney (Eds.), Food Poverty and Insecurity: International Food Inequalities. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 11-18.
Swaleheen, M., (2011). Economic growth with endogenous corruption: an empirical study. Public Choice, 146(1), pp. 23-41. doi:10.1007/s11127-009-9581-1
Tanzi, V., (1998). Corruption Around the World: Causes, Consequences, Scope, and Cures. Staff Papers, 45(4), 559-594.
The Economist, I. U., (2018a). Global Food Security. Retrieved from https://foodsecurityindex.eiu.com/
The Economist, I. U., (2018b). The Global Food Security Index. Retrieved from https://foodsecurityindex.eiu.com/Resources
Timmer, C. P., (2005). Food security and economic growth: an Asian perspective. Asian?Pacific Economic Literature, 19(1), pp. 1-17.
Tweeten, L., (1999). The Economics of Global Food Security. Review of Agricultural Economics, 21(2), 473-488. doi:10.2307/1349892
Uchendu, F. N., & Abolarin, T. O., (2015). Corrupt practices negatively influenced food security and live expectancy in developing countries. The Pan African medical journal, 20(110), pp. 1-7.
Wedeman, A., (1997). Looters, rent-scrapers, and dividend-collectors: Corruption and growth in Zaire, South Korea, and the Philippines. The Journal of Developing Areas, 31(4), pp. 457-478.
Wei, S.-J., (2000). How taxing is corruption on international investors? Review of Economics and Statistics, 82(1), 1-11.
WorldBank. (2018a). World Development Indicators. Retrieved from http://databank.worldbank.org
WorldBank. (2018b). Worldwide Governance Indicators. Retrieved from http://databank.worldbank.org/data/source/worldwide-governance-indicators
Yu, B., & You, L., (2013). A typology of food security in developing countries. China Agricultural Economic Review, 5(1), pp. 118-153. doi:doi:10.1108/17561371311294810
Zezza, A., & Tasciotti, L., (2010). Urban agriculture, poverty, and food security: Empirical evidence from a sample of developing countries. Food Policy, 35(4), 265-273. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.04.007
Zhou, D. A., Tariq, S., Ali, S., Ahmad, W., Din, I. U., & Ilyas, A., (2017). Factors affecting household food security in rural northern hinterland of Pakistan. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2017.05.003
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Published
2021-02-18
How to Cite
Önder, H. (2021). The Impact Of Corruption On Food Security From A Macro Perspective. Future of Food: Journal on Food, Agriculture and Society, 9(1). Retrieved from https://thefutureoffoodjournal.com/manuscript/index.php/FOFJ/article/view/256
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