Effects of Green Manure Combined with Fertilizer on Microbial Communities in Poor Red Soil: A Case Study of Milk Vetch and Ryegrass
Keywords:
Green Manure, Milk Vetch, Ryegrass, Microbial Biomass, Fertilizer, Immature Red SoilAbstract
Even though green manuring is regarded as one of the promising tactics in the sustainable agricultural system, there is scanty investigate on the effects of integrating green manure with fertilizers, particularly in the red, unfertile soils. In study, influence of two green manure forms of plants (Milk vetch besides Ryegrass) along with applied fertilizers to the total microbial populations, the microbial activity, the microbial biomass, the potential predicted function in the growth, and the incorporation time periods were evaluated. The fertilizer management strategies that were taken into consideration in this study include the organic manure, humic acid, and mineral fertilizers. The results indicated that integrating green manure with organic fertilizers enhanced the bacterial community’s ?-diversity while the fungal community diversity was suppressed. Observations were made showing that green manure affected the growth and incorporation periods of the varying microbial populations that were found in the soil whereby taxa such as sulfur, nitrogen and carbon group were affected. Thus, this study shows the utilization of varieties of green manure plants integrated with fertilizers on the boost of infertile red soil’s microorganisms, and the fertilization process.
References
Adetunji, A. T., Ncube, B., Mulaudzi, R., and Liwu, F. B. (2020). “Management impact and benefit of cover crops on soil quality: A review”. Soil Tillage Res. 204:104717. Doi: 10.1016/j.still.2020.104717
Alam, M. Z., Lynch, D. H., Sharifi, M., Burton, D. L., and Hammermeister, A. M. (2016). “The effect of green manure and organic amendments on potato yield, nitrogen uptake and soil mineral nitrogen”. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 32(4): 221-236. https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2015.1133319
Bao, G., Liang, X., Liang, Y., Geng, B., and Xu, B. (2019). “Land compensation standard in ecologic fragile areas of red soil hilly region in the southern China”. Resource Science, 41: 247–256.
Bell, C. W., Asao, S., Calderon, F., Wolk, B., and Wallenstein, M. D. (2015). “Plant nitrogen uptake drives rhizosphere bacterial community assembly during plant growth”. Soil Biol. Beachem. 85:170–182.
Banska, E., and Lasota, J. (2017). “?-Glucosidase activity of forest soil as an indicator of soil carbon accumulation” in: M. Lukac, P. Granny and M. Gamboni (eds.) Soil biological communities and ecosystem resilience. Sustainability in plant and crop protection, Cham: Springer.
Bortnick, M., Kinta, A., Hammersmith, T., Mustafa, A., Elbl, J., and Kucera, J., et al. (2021). “Clover species specific influence on microbial abundance and associated enzyme activities in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils”. Agronomy, 11:2214.
Chang, E. H., Wang, C. H., Chen, C. L., and Chung, R. S. (2014). “Effects of long-term treatments of different organic fertilizers complemented with chemical N fertilizer on the chemical and biological properties of soils”. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 60(4):499–511.
Das, S., Leptin, D., and Maharjan, B. (2023). “Long-term manure application improves soil health and stabilizes carbon in continuous maize production system”. Ganoderma, 430: 116338.
de Jesus Souza, B., do Carmo, D. L., Santos, R. H. S., de Oliveira, T. S., and Fernandes, R. B. A. (2019). “Residual contribution of green manure to humic fractions and soil fertility”. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 19: 878-886.
Fernandez, A. (2015). Effects of cover crop and fertilizer incorporation on the structure and function of microbial communities in soils under long-term organic management (Doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota).
Fierer, N. (2017). “Embracing the unknown: disentangling the complexities of the soil microbiome”. Nat. Rev. Microbial. 15: 579–590.
Gao, S., Cao, W., Zhou, G., and Rees, R. M. (2021). “Bacterial communities in paddy soils changed by milk vetch as green manure: a study conducted across six provinces in South China”. Pedosphere, 31: 521–530.
Han, J., Dong, Y., and Zhang, M. (2021). “Chemical fertilizer reduction with organic fertilizer effectively improve soil fertility and microbial community from newly cultivated land in the loess plateau of China”. Applied. Soil Ecology, 165:103966.
He, H. B., Li, W. X., Zhang, Y. W., Cheng, J. K., and Xin, G. R. (2020). “Effects of Italian ryegrass residues as green manure on soil properties and bacterial communities under an Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.)-rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation”. Soil Tillage Res. 196:104487. Doi: 10.1016/j.still.2019.104487
Iqbal, A., He, L., Ali, I., Ullah, S., Khan, A., Akhtar, K., ... and Jiang, L. (2021). “Co-incorporation of manure and inorganic fertilizer improves leaf physiological traits, rice production and soil functionality in a paddy field”. Scientific Reports, 11(1):10048. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89246-9
Islam, M. M., Urmi, T. A., Rana, M. S., Alam, M. S., and Haque, M. M. (2019). “Green manuring effects on crop morpho-physiological characters, rice yield and soil properties”. Physiology and molecular biology of plants: an international journal of functional plant biology, 25(1):303–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-018-0624-2
Kamran, M., Huang, L., Nie, J., Geng, M., Lu, Y., Liao, Y., ... and Xu, Y. (2021). “Effect of reduced mineral fertilization (NPK) combined with green manure on aggregate stability and soil organic carbon fractions in a fluvio-aquic paddy soil”. Soil and Tillage Research, 211: 105005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2021.105005
Katerere, T., Roboroach, D., Andren, O., Kimutai, G., Carlton, E., and Kirchmann, H., et al. (2019). “Biochar addition persistently increased soil fertility and yields in maize-soybean rotations over 10 years in sub-humid regions of Kenya”. Field Crop Research, 235: 18–26. Doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2019.02.015
Khan, M. I., Gwon, H. S., Alam, M. A., Song, H. J., and Kim, P. J. (2019). “Short-term effects of different green manure amendments on the composition of main microbial groups and microbial activity of a submerged rice cropping system”. Applied Soil Ecology. 147:103400. Doi: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.103400
Kolesnikov, S. I., Kazeem, K. S., and Klimenko, Y. V. (2019). “Development of regional standards for pollutants in the soil using biological parameters”. EMAP, 191:544–510. Doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7718-3
Lei, B., Wang, J., and Yao, H. (2022). Ecological and environmental benefits of planting green manure in paddy fields. Agriculture, 12:223. Doi: 10.3390/agriculture12020223d
Liu, G. Y., Chen, L. L., Shi, X. R., Yuan, Z. Y., Yuan, L. Y., Lock, T. R., and Kallenbach, R. L. (2019). “Changes in rhizosphere bacterial and fungal community composition with vegetation restoration in planted forests”. Land Degradation & Development, 30(10):1147-1157. DOI: 10.1002/ldr.3275
Liu, S., Wang, J., Pu, S., Blagodatskaya, E., and Razavi, B. S. (2020). “Impact of manure on soil biochemical properties: a global synthesis”. Sci. Total Environ, 745:141003. Doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141003
Lori, M., Synectic, S., Madder, P., Deyn, G. D., and Graettinger, A. (2017). “Organic farming enhances soil microbial abundance and activity—a meta-analysis and meta regression”. Plops One 12: e0180442. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180442
Lovell, C., Bagwell, C., Cake, M., Márton, L., Piceno, Y., and Ringelberg, D. (2001). “Stability of a rhizosphere microbial community exposed to natural and manipulated environmental variability”. FEMS Microbiology and. Ecology, 38:69–76. Doi: 10.1016/S0168-6496(01)00177-5
Naz, A., Reba, A., Naz, R., Akbar, M. U., Aslam, A., Kalsom, A., ... and Zhou, J. (2023). “Impact of green manuring on health of low fertility calcareous soils”. Land, 12(3):546. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12030546
Ren, J., Liu, X., Yang, W., Yang, X., Li, W., Xia, Q., ... and Yang, Z. (2021). “Rhizosphere soil properties, microbial community, and enzyme activities: short-term responses to partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic manure”. Journal of Environmental Management, 299:113650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113650
Rukshana, F., Butterly, C. R., Xu, J. M., Baddock, J. A., and Tang, C. (2013). “Organic anion-to-acid ratio influence pH change of soils differing in initial pH”. Journal of Soil. Sediment. 14: 407–414. Doi: 10.1007/s11368-013-0682-6
Sharma, P., Laor, Y., Raviv, M., Medina, S., Saadi, I., Krasnov sky, A., ... and Boris over, M. (2017). “Green manure as part of organic management cycle: Effects on changes in organic matter characteristics across the soil profile”. Ganoderma, 305: 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.06.003Get rights and content
Si, L., Xu, J., Cao, K., Zhang, X., Han, K., and Wang, J. (2023). “Effects of mineral fertilization and organic amendments on Rice grain yield, soil quality and economic benefit in newly cultivated land: a study case from Southeast China”. Agronomy 13:1361. Doi: 10.3390/agronomy13051361
Wang, X., Bian, Q., Jiang, Y., Zhu, L., Chen, Y., Liang, Y., et al. (2021). “Organic amendments drive shifts in microbial community structure and keystone taxa which increase C mineralization across aggregate size classes”. Soil Biol. Beachem. 153:108062. Doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.108062
Wu, Z., Chen, X., Lu, X., Zhu, Y., Han, X., Yan, J., ... and Zou, W. (2024). “Impact of combined organic amendments and chemical fertilizers on soil microbial limitations, soil quality, and soybean yield”. Plant and Soil, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06733-4
Yang, L., Bai, J., Liu, J., Zeng, N., and Cao, W. (2018). “Green manuring effect on changes of soil nitrogen fractions, maize growth, and nutrient uptake”. Agronomy, 8(11):261. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8110261
Ye, X., Liu, H., Li, Z., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, H., and Liu, G. (2014). “Effects of green manure continuous application on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity”. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 37(4): 498-508. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2013.867978
Yu, Y., Wu, M., Petropoulos, E., Zhang, J., Nie, J., and Liao, Y., et al. (2019). “Responses of paddy soil bacterial community assembly to different long-term fertilizations in Southeast China”. Sci. Total Environ. 656: 625–633. Doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.359
Zhang, Y., Hou, L., Li, Z., Zhao, D., Song, L., and Shao, G., et al. (2020). “Leguminous supplementation increases the resilience of soil microbial community and nutrients in Chinese fir plantations”. Sci. Total Environ. 703:134917. Doi: 10.1016/j. scitotenv.2019.134917
Zheng, W., Zhao, Z., Gong, Q., and Zhai, B. (2018). “Effects of cover crop in an apple orchard on microbial community composition, networks, and potential genes involved with degradation of crop residues in soil”. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 54:743–759. Doi: 10.1007/ s00374-018-1298-1