Future of Food: Journal on Food

Partial purification of tannase enzyme produced by Bacillus licheniformis isolated from local soils

RASHA AL HADDAD
National Commission for Biotechnology, Damascus, Syria
MOHAMADKHAIR TAHLA
Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria
LINA AL AMIR
National Commission for Biotechnology, Damascus, Syria.

Tannase is an enzyme that causes hydrolysis of a group of tannins (gallo-tannins) to gallic acid and glucose. This enzyme is of importance due to its numerous applications in many fields, such as in the food industry by enhancing tea and coffee flavour and improving the quality of fruit juices rich in tannins. Gallic acid is applied in the drug industry, and pro- duction of antioxidants is used in the oil industry. In this study, Tannase was produced by locally isolated Bacillus licheniformis using spent tea as substrate using submerged fermen- tation. The crude enzyme was extracted and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 15?C, and a partial purification was carried out using precipitation by ammonium sulphate 80%, then Sephadex G-75 gel filtration column (2.2×1.8 cm) with acetate buffered solution (0.2 M, pH 5.0) at a flow rate of 60 ml/h up to 3.16 fold with a specific activity reaching 0.931 IU/mg(unit of enzyme per mg). The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was determined to be 48 kDa using SDS-PAGE. Thus, the purification step is a step before ap- plying the pure enzyme in the food industry

Keywords : Tannase; Bacillus licheniformis; partial purification; ammonium sulphate; gel filtration .

Myanmar High School Students’ Perceptions of College and International Readiness in Western Society

Mark Speckien
Louisiana Tech University
Mark Speckien
Louisiana Tech University
International students are more likely to experience mental health issues and increased stress. Mental health is often surrounded by negative societal stigmas that act as barriers to seeking support and tend to lead to greater mental health concerns. International students tend to seek socioemotional support from other international student peers rather than seeking out counseling services. However, this study shows that LGBTQIA+ international students were less likely to seek socioemotional support from other international student peers due to fear of their sexual orientation being discovered and their families finding out about their identity. This study examines how LGBTQIA+ international students talk about their experiences on and off campus in relations to their socioemotional well-being. Specifically, this study sought to better understand the complexities of LGBTQIA+ students’ identities, and the challenges they faced in terms of their socioemotional well-being. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Keywords : international students, socioemotional well-being, mental health, identity development, intersectionality, LGBTQIA