Future of Food: Journal on Food

Effect of Partial Replacement of Sodium Chloride with Potassium Chloride on the Quality Traits of Beef Burgers During Refrigerated Storage

Samer Mudalal
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agricultural Engineering, Nutrition and Food Technology program, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P.O. Box 7, Palestine.
Farah A
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agricultural Engineering, Nutrition and Food Technology program, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P.O. Box 7, Palestine.
Zaazaa A
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agricultural Engineering, Department of Agricultural Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P.O. Box 7, Palestine.
Abu- Khalaf N
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Palestine Technical University - Kadoorie (PTUK), P.O. Box 7, Tulkarm, Palestine.
Al-Rimawi F
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 20002, Palestine.
Rahhal B
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P.O. Box 7, Palestine.
Massimiliano Petracci
Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy.

Excessive sodium intake is associated with chronic diseases such as hypertensions, renal failure, and cardiovascular disease. There is growing interest in lowering the level of sodium in foods. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the substitution of sodium chloride with potassium chloride on the microbiological and physical properties of beef burgers during refrigerated storage at 4°C for 9 days. Microbiological parameters (aerobic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, and yeasts/molds), colour traits (L*a*b*), and sensory properties were assessed. The study included four treatments: the control group (0% sodium substitution), R15 (15% sodium substitution), R30 (30% sodium substitution), and R50 (50% sodium substitution). At the end of storage, L* values of the control group significantly increased, while those of the low-sodium group slightly increased. Moreover, sodium chloride substitution with potassium chloride had no effect on the redness index (a*). All groups showed a significant (p 0.05) between the treatments. In conclusion, the study revealed that sodium chloride substitution with potassium chloride had no impact on the stability and the quality of the product during storage, and the changes observed were attributed to the effect of storage.

Keywords : Beef Burger, Sodium Substitution, Microbiological, Sensory, Colour .
Mark Speckien
Louisiana Tech University
Mark Speckien
Louisiana Tech University
International students are more likely to experience mental health issues and increased stress. Mental health is often surrounded by negative societal stigmas that act as barriers to seeking support and tend to lead to greater mental health concerns. International students tend to seek socioemotional support from other international student peers rather than seeking out counseling services. However, this study shows that LGBTQIA+ international students were less likely to seek socioemotional support from other international student peers due to fear of their sexual orientation being discovered and their families finding out about their identity. This study examines how LGBTQIA+ international students talk about their experiences on and off campus in relations to their socioemotional well-being. Specifically, this study sought to better understand the complexities of LGBTQIA+ students’ identities, and the challenges they faced in terms of their socioemotional well-being. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Keywords : international students, socioemotional well-being, mental health, identity development, intersectionality, LGBTQIA